Sociology of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sociology of Education - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that functionalism theory is structuralist in nature and though its enamor has waned over the past decades, it still makes important contributions in learning system and society. Functionalism holds that the main objective of reproduction is maintenance of social order in society. To ensure maintenance of social order in the society, the theory emphasizes on indoctrinating new generations with norms and values contained in education curriculum. In United Kingdom, the sociological splendor of functionalism has declined, but in education institutions, the theory continues playing a significant region in formation and shaping the guiding policies. According to Chris and Tony, the underlying ideologies of functionalism, which include emulation, consensus and achievement through merit, define education in addition to politics in the United Kingdom. According to Hill and Cole, broad groups of people and their behaviour is the st udy focus of functionalism. In respect to the role of education in society, the theory focuses on several study aspects, namely institutional relationships and functional linkage with society and merit based systems. In relation to institutional relationships, functional theory emphasises on the role of education in linking other social institutions such as family with occupational engagements. In contemporary society, Cole argues education plays an important role in linking the basic unit of measurement of society with the workplaces through variant mechanisms. For instance, education institutions develop the capacities of human resources through training. By setting various criteria for training of these professionals, education institutions ensure that the society has a balanced pool of human resources to meet its dramatize (David and Barry 1985). At personal or one-on-one levels, functionalism theory holds that education acts as an agent of secondary socialisation (Gillbo rn, and Mirza, 2000). By expanding or broadening individual experience through education, a child is prepared to take over the role of an adult in workplaces and society (Arum, and Beattie, 2000, p72). Meritocracy, in functionalist perspective plays a major role in ensuring that education performs its role in socialisation and promoting institutional linkage. According to, David and Barry (1985, p53), meritocracy refers to a system that offers rewards to an individual based on might and effort. Examples of rewards in the current society include job opportunities, advanced remuneration and elevated social status. Therefore, functionalists hold that rewards in society should be awarded to individuals who demonstrate high ability or effort rather than on grounds of nepotism, status of an individual or family background. In education, meritocracy has created competition in different levels of education because of various rewards offered on attaining a particular level. In United Kingd om, education qualifications at various levels such as GCSE and A levels determine the career that an individual can act or qualification for admission in available institutions of higher learning (Cole, 2009, p269). In