Infection Control Essay on Hand Hygiene

Introductionwellnesscargon-associated posttings (HCAIs) tail assembly be extremely perverting in health and social c be trammeltings where endurings extravagantlyly sensitised to disease. These be transmission systems which the longanimous acquires during or after healthc be has been received which end be dangerous as contr do working an transmission system whilst receiving health headache from an unrelated problem could have a deteriorating effect on the patient in simile to a healthy individuals reaction. perseverings in hospital and otherwise healthc ar settings have increased vulnerability so consequently atomic number 18 easily receptive to pathogens imput able-bodied to examples such as trim back ohmic resistance or open wounds. Therefore the appropriate precautions and procedures must be set in place to en surely cross-infection can non draw. It is crucial for health tradeals to understand how infection spread so that they can consider and act upon the significant implications which are seekinessed when improper measures are not attach toed hence why the enjoyledge of the cosmic string of infection should be learnt.Infection wield back is high on the schedule for health care providers be caseful of its significance as it goodguards staff, patients and the public, promotes safe environments and physical exercise but excessively indicates the feeling of healthcare given. It is imperative to focus on legislation which applies to the topic heathland Service like the NHS Constitution and the Nursing and Midwifery Council statute of conduct. Communication, competency and care of the six Cs can each be factored into how infection halt is dealt with in the NHS.One of the most common commits to lessen the take a chance of cross-infection is moot hygienics which has reduced over tout ensemble infection rates in hospitals. (Bennett, Jarvis and Brachman 2007) Identify your new education, giving rationale for your choice of this topic The compass of infection should be learnt in order to apply the appropriate infection prevention methods at each point. The process simplifies how microorganisims spread and infection occurs. Microorganisims are named the infectious agent as they are able to produce infection in the corpse, they are ceaselessly present but may be concentrated in some stadiums which are called reservoirs.Reservoirs for possible infectious agents can be environments or people which can be transferred from one area to the next. The transmission of microorganisims from a person through exhaling or other corporal functions is labelled the portal of exit the microorganisims are then able to be transmitted into a patient via contact, air, blood, meals or liquids. The portal of foundation describes the susceptible area to which microorganisims can be introduced into the patient, such as by m starth, urinary tract or an aperture in the skin. (Brooker and Nicol, 2011)Betweenthe portal of exit and the portal of entry there is potential for cross-contamination and this is where the need for come about hygienics arises. Adequate pass off hygiene by nurses lessen this risk of healthcare acquired infections as fasten on the stand shows that jumping and bettering the proficiency that healthcare workers intent to clean their reach contributes to the decrement of HCAIs that occur (Pratt et al, 2007). Damani (1997) indicateed that the most prevalent ca spend of cross-infection was transmission pathogens from one patient to another by pathogens occupying the submits of healthcare workers.Contaminated hands easily transmit these microorganisms but so by cleaning hands fitly hospitals can prevent (to an extent) harm to patients which is a fundamental concept in healthcare. (Pittel et al, 2000) This raises the wideness for nurses to learn a technique which will clean the hands physically and of invisible microorganisims as nurses interactions towards patients acco unt for roughly 80 percent of direct care patients receive.(Storr and Clayton-kent, 2004)There are m both documents on the divergent techniques of hand licking and when to do such techniques like the World Health Organisations five moments for hand hygiene (2006). WHO recommends that hands should be washed before coming into contact with the patient and before aseptic tasks to protect the patient against germs occupying the healthcare workers hands as well as immediately after an exposure risk to body fluids, after contact with the patient and their surroundings to protect yourself from pathogens open whilst carrying aside these tasks.This applies to the NMCs statute of professional conduct (2004) which states that a nurse must act to identify and minimise risk to patients and clients. This values the results of hand hygiene by identifying when to clean hands from the WHOs five moments of hand hygiene and to use the endorsed hand hygiene technique of the trust to minimise risk to the patient. The hand washing procedure originally outlined by Ayliffe et al (1978) has been adapted by umpteen organisations to provide various routines.Hands were wet by a running tap and antiseptic detergents or liquid welt (5ml was poured onto the hands, the technique consisted of five backwards and forwards strokes in the motion of ribbon to palm, each palm over the other hands back, booking palm to palm, each palm over the other hands back interlocked and then the rotational sc stoppagebing of the fingers into each palm finalised by the rubbing of the wrists during a 30-second time span. Then the hands were rinsed with piddle for 15-seconds and change with two paper towels for 15-seconds.(Ayliffe et all, 1978)Whilst this technique has strict timescales the WHO elects the timescale of roughly the time taken to sing Happy Birthday twice. This raises concerns over the approximates as this will take issue from person to person. The procedure itself remains nearly dema nd except from the auxiliary of turning the tap off with a towel to avoid recontamination and the exact timings are lost. This technique only stated to use running water, heretofore no temperature was specified.Hand Washing for Life (200-) advises that water should not be in a higher place 110?F as this temperature would cause hands incur shamed by loosing delicate tissues on the skin. This can cause bacteria to become trapped and more difficult to slay, as well as cause pain to the worker. It is a legal requirement for health professions to take the undeniable measures to ensure that they protect themselves, which includes their hands and others around them by taking care of their hands.(Health and Safety at Work Act 1974) Dougherty and Lister (2010) give a comprehensive guide to effective hand washing, stating the minimum time to rub lathered hand together is 10-15 seconds. The guide recommended that attention should be given to areas which are missed most frequently like b etween fingers, tips of fingers and thumbs. Single use towels to dry hands were used in all techniques. Damani (2011) suggests that paper towels should be used and as well used to turn off taps if hands-free witness is not available.An experiment carried out by Redway and Fawdar of the University of Westminster backed up Damani (2011) tincture as drying hands with a paper towel decreased the number of bacteria compared to jet-air dryers and warm-air dryers which caused an increase. Given that the WHO technique has been used throughout the NHS by National Patient Safety Agency for hand cleaning techniques this would be a reliable technique to follow whilst also taking into consideration the circumstance given by Dougherty and Lister.How has this learning make a difference to you existence aware of how many infectious opportunistic pathogens can be exposed to patients, which may lay dormant on healthcare workers hands, gives healthcare workers a better understanding of how to a ssess the risks of when passing infection can occur by referring to the chain of infection. The chain of infection makes nurses more aware of patients as susceptible hosts.It is everyones responsibility to take appropriate considerations to the prevention and control of infection this would include all healthcare professionals, the patients themselves and the visitors. (Randle, Coffey and Bradbury. 2009) The Francis report states that visitors and staff should truss to hygiene requirements as well as reminding anyone who is seen to not adhere to these requirements so that the high standard of hygiene is achieved and promoted.(2013)The knowledge when to wash by the WHOs five moments enables nurses to make knowing when to wash their hands second nature. It also makes the nurse more aware of how serious it is to have clean hands as clean hands save lives as said by the National Patient Safety Alert from 2008 which states that the individual risks to patients are dramatically reduced i f healthcare workers washed or disinfected their patients every time they needful to perform patient contact.The six Cs devised by Cummins and Bennett in 2012 state that one of a nurses prime responsibilities is to care, this centre giving the care of controlling infection as it is extremely most-valuable to keep clear of potentially avoidable HCAIs which can have a significant impact to the patients physical and psychological state. This could decline their condition, increase length of stay, increase pain and suffering and increase rile and stress. This all causes a massive impact on the economy as HCAIs cost the NHS over the estimated ?1 billion.(NAO, 2009)The knowledge of appropriate hand hygiene also shows competency, another of the six Cs, as nurses can use what they have learnt confidently to ensure they have controlled spreading infection. Hand hygiene is also a commitment, as a nurse may wash their hands but a commitment must be made to wash them to the standard that i s appropriate. Communication is also decisive in infection control as infection control is everyones responsibility.(Randle, Coffey and Bradbury, 2009) In all aspects of infection control communication must be at the intent of the process so that the right precautions are taken. Staff and researchers must give-up the ghost with each other in order to maintain the same aim of knowledge on hand hygiene so that the most up to date method is used. It is chief(prenominal) for staff to communicate with patients to teach and reform their own hygiene to ensure the safety of themselves and others around them.It is also pigment for staff to communicate to patient relatives inorder for them to carry out routine hygiene which imperative for hospital or other healthcare settings infection control. Information given would be useful for the public to know to reduce general sickness therefore reducing burden on local NHS services. The actual technique should be addressed to all everyone as if it is not done adequately harmful microbes would still be on the hands and therefore infection can still occur. How will this learning influence you clinical practiceApplying the knowledge of hand hygiene learnt to clinical practice would mean to risk assess the situation at hand in environment by asking the assessment questions as described by Randle, Coffey and Bradbury (2009), then use the five moments given by WHO (2006) to demonstrate competence in when to wash or disinfect hands. Nurses will be influenced by which situation they are placed in, for example when moving from one patient to another hands must be washed by water and liquid soap method (WHO, 2006).The six Cs would also influence a nurse in hand hygiene as a nurse would think about caring for the patient, giving a commitment to safe care as well as being competent in this task. Electing the most effective hand washing technique must be done to successfully remove pathogens so that not to transmitted from one patient to another or one area to another. The techniques discussed vaguely circle around the same routine with differences in times, in clinical practice these would all influence the nurse whilst performing hand hygiene but the standard practice would be used as it is the technique enforced by the NPSA adapted from the WHO.The most recently updated hand hygiene method by the NPSA includes the use of alcoholic drink gels, these should not be used as a constant alternative as they would ladder to build up and therefore not effective for removing harmful microbes and are not suitable in some cases as they would not remove dirt or organic materials, cause a risk of tinder when handling medical gas cylinders and would not be effective against clostridium difficile and Norovirus. (Brekle and Macqueen 2012) Therefore this would influence workers in clinical practice as alcohol gels should only be used out of these circumstances.Describe how you will stretch forth to stimulate this learnin g after this module The research into all hand hygiene methods should be regularly looked over as there will eternally be melioratements to how the NHS handles infection control. One example of this would be the use of non-touch taps, a favourable option by many healthcare providers, but although creating stripped contact with a potentially easily contaminated area to control the outbreak of MRSA it has also led to the potential link between infrared light taps and the outbreak of pseudomonas bacteria due to increased go on area in the plumbing of these taps.(Department of Health, 2012) This example demonstrates that there will always be constant palingenesiss into infection control so it is important to keep up to date on the latest information on practice available and to comply with the NMC enrol of conduct. A nurse must take part in additional learning or training to develop competence in hand hygiene practice and to everlastingly review themselves on their development i n order to assess what they could do to improve.Randle, Coffey and Bradbury (2009) suggest that on going training will always be take in this area of practice. How does this personal and professional development relate to the NMC formula Developing and understanding the appropriate hand hygiene procedures for personal and profession practice is important to comprehend so that the nurse can continue to care of the patient their first concern. Caring for a patient gist to not worsen their health by transmitting infection which could be preventable as by washing hands.It is immensely important for nurses to act within their competencies which includes being able to competently hand wash appropriately to control infection as it is vital in performing any act of physical care to patient. (Dougherty and Lister 2011). Another section of the NMC code specifies that a nurse should administer care based on the take up available evidence or best practice. All nurses must strive and aspire to remain on top of the developing and constantly modifying information and research on infection control.This also relates significantly to the NMC code which represents that all nurses must maintain and improve their knowledge and skills based on the most up to date information throughout their working lives. Providing high quality infection control at all times applies to the NMC code because it means that the nurse is complying with providing the high standard of practice and care at all times. How does your topic relate to the NHS Constitution The NHS constitution states the rights and commitments to patients, the public and the staff.(Department of Health, 2013)The topic of hand washing relates to this document because the NHS constitution is the integral laws to which the NHS strives to stand by and infection control is high on constantly on the agenda for the NHS to improve upon. The constitution expresses that the NHS aims to provide the highest standards of excellence and professionalism and providing a high aegir of care which is safe, effective and focused on the patient. The terms safe and effective relate to hand hygiene as nurses must follow hand hygiene procedures so that the care given is is not hindered by the possibility of passing infection.The constitution also gives the values of the NHS, which includes the value to improve lives. The NHS commits to improve lives and not to decrease the health of the patient due to HCAIs and so it is predominate that infection control procedures are followed to lessen the risk of infections occurring whilst receiving healthcare. Patient rights are issued in the document, one particular is the right for the patient to be treated with a professional standard of care which has been administered by do professionals.Service users of the NHS have the right to expect the quality of healthcare to be monitored and alter continuously, which includes safety, so hand hygiene of workers should be continuously revi ewed to make sure it is up to the standard that will ensure safety. The NHS Constitution commits to establish a safe and hygienic setting which is fit for purpose which directly involves the takings of hand hygiene because of importance of it in infection control which promotes a safe and clean environment. (Department of Health, 2013)ConclusionIt is clear that transmitting infectious diseases can reduced if staff, patients and visitors washed their hands before and after tasks, a routine hand hygiene technique cannot be stressed enough as it is paramount for all staff to adhere to so that the spread of infection at bay. It is now valued that hand washing is not only important when hands are visible contaminated but is also vital that they are washed when it is not visible that they are contaminated due to the microscopic pathogens hidden on the skin.This knowledge is essential to be passed on to all those who flow through a healthcare setting so that education can be move on infe ction control. With this given, it is pick up that communication skills are overly efficient at voicing and luck in infection control with caring for the patients at the heart the education. With continued education and observations in this area more people would be able to show acceptable hand washing and therefore reduce the risk of infection. Hand hygiene techniques influence all nurses because of the strong link to many of the six Cs and the vast importance to the health of all patients.